Rui Ma of 500 Startups shared what she has learned about hardware startups recently. It was an insightful post for those unexposed to the manufacturing space, as it covered what happens on the ground with the factories and suppliers – particularly in China. Despite its strides towards development and modernization, China remains the premier location for hardware execution, not only for its low labor cost (this is actually weakening over time), but also for its efficiency, scalability, accuracy, and infrastructure. However, the challenges pointed out by Rui are very much real, which is summarized by: don’t expect outsourced manufacturing to be easy; there are many challenges people are ignorant of due to a lack of understanding and education.
The core reason for this is because there is a fundamental shift in the founding team composition for hardware startups. Traditionally, a hacker and a hustler were the foundational pillars of a pre-seed startup. This was primarily because software was king and allowed a company to scale globally like never before. Between the two apps stores and a browser, a company could grow from a desk to multinational corporation in a few short years. Now, as hardware has become increasingly accessible for smaller companies, a new leg to the triangle is needed: a full-stack hardware engineer.
Previously, the ideal programmer was a full-stack developer that could handle front-end and back-end coding for a startup. In the same regard, the mythical full-stack hardware engineer is needed to take ownership of the industrial, electrical and mechanical design and engineering for hardware projects – including understanding of firmware integration to connect the device back to the software and services layer. However, this role is extraordinarily rare at the moment, as the disciplines are quite separate from one another, and very rarely would they overlap in a large organization. And since hardware startups are a relatively recent phenomenon, it will take time for such a skillset to permeate the ecosystem.
In the interim, it is likely that a new type of startup supporter will appear in the ecosystem: the fulfiller. This entity will take care of hardware design and engineering, in addition to tooling and DFM, so that manufacturing and delivery can occur. There are organizations currently promoting such packages, but since the category is new, there is no transparency on offering, clients, operations, and cost. As hardware and IoT startups run through seed accelerators, it makes sense that a handover should occur to fulfillers so delivery and shipment of product can occur. Just as startups benefit from accelerators, a fulfiller is likely to be an inevitable part of hardware/IoT startups in the near future. What that process looks like, is up to us to define.